That which is inhuman, cannot be divine! Did this law concern the mint, anise, and cuminabridge the fight to sing psalms, to partake of the sacrament, or to engage in any of the ceremonies of religion, it would be smitten by the thunder of a thousand pulpits. With this product, you can choose to either have your students read the entire speech and annotate and analyze Douglass' rhetorical devices or you can choose to have your students read shorter excerpts from the speech and do an abbreviated annotation and analysis of rhetorical devices. Cling to this daycling to it, and to its principles, with the grasp of a storm-tossed mariner to a spar at midnight, Neither steam nor lightning had then been reduced to order and discipline, With them, justice, liberty and humanity were final; not slavery and oppression. we wept when we remembered Zion. I lived on Philpot Street, Fells Point, Baltimore, and have watched from the wharves, the slave ships in the Basin, anchored from the shore, with their cargoes of human flesh, waiting for favorable winds to waft them down the Chesapeake. To find out what elements make the speech 'What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?' Douglass addressed a part of the population for which the day had huge significance the true independence, he argues, is not for the American people, but for the American slave. In a Fourth of July holiday special, we hear the words of Frederick Douglass. Where these go, may also go the merciless slave-hunter. "Meaning of the Fourth of July to a Negro" by Bridget Durham The Fourth of July is a day of celebration for many Americans because on July 4th, 1776, America declared independence from Britain and said that everyone was free under the US government, right? In that speech, he cast the abolitionist movement as being engaged in a "War" against defenders of slavery. How can we sing the Lords song in a strange land? It is a religion for oppressors, tyrants, man-stealers, and thugs. [Under the Act] it became illegal not to arrest and return runaway slaves. Wells, which was incorporated into the preface of her 1892 pamphlet Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases.. Kate Harris Date Published September 28, 2016 Last Modified November 14, 2021 Description. The manhood of the slave is conceded. These gentlemen have, as I think, fully and clearly vindicated the Constitution from any design to support slavery for an hour.Fellow-citizens! I answer; a day that reveals to him, more than all other days in the year, the gross injustice and cruelty to which he is the constant victim. [Throughout the speech] Douglass looks at the contradictions between the reality of slavery and the lofty claims of a just society outlined in the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution. Panel on dispossession of African Americans says burying truth keeps Black Americans dispossessed, Legal scholar and historian puts the push to remove Confederate statues in context, Members of the community share memories, plans, hopes for the holiday, Quantum computing simulation reveals possible wormhole-like dynamics. Must I argue the wrongfulness of slavery? He mentions the fact to show that slavery is in no danger. (1982). It was demanded, in the name of humanity, and according to the law of the living God. [5] American studies professor Andrew S. Bibby argues that because many of the editions produced for educational use are abridged, they often misrepresent Douglass's original through omission or editorial focus. That people contented themselves under the shadow of Abrahams great name, while they repudiated the deeds which made his name great. Assignment in book chapter School Alief Early College High School Course English language and literature (ELL2002) Uploaded by God Academic year2021/2022 Helpful? Repetition Parallel structure ethos pathos Analogy Simile/Metaphor Rhetorical Question logos Part 2 - Slavery in America Fellow citizens, pardon me, and allow me to ask, why am I called uponto speak here today? ROY:One of the things that Douglass writings shows us is that he believed in amplifying a variety of voices. It is called (in contradistinction to the foreign slave-trade) the internal slave trade. It is, probably, called so, too, in order to divert from it the horror with which the foreign slave-trade is contemplated. R, R. Raymond) on the platform, are shining examples; and let me say further, that upon these men lies the duty to inspire our ranks with high religious faith and zeal, and to cheer us on in the great mission of the slaves redemption from his chains.One is struck with the difference between the attitude of the American church towards the anti-slavery movement, and that occupied by the churches in England towards a similar movement in that country. Frederick Douglass, circa 1879. What characteristics does he praise about them? Essentially, Douglass criticizes his audience's pride for a nation that claims to value freedom though it is composed of people who continuously commit atrocities against Blacks. This Fourth [of] July is yours, not mine. Fellow-citizens, pardon me, allow me to ask, why am I called upon to speak here to-day? Products. Nevertheless, Douglass claims that this can change. Yet this is but a glance at the American slave-trade, as it exists, at this moment, in the ruling part of the United States.I was born amid such sights and scenes. He celebrates the efforts of the founding fathers of America for fighting back against the tyranny of England.[18]. He implored the Rochester, N.Y., audience to think about the ongoing oppression of Black Americans during a holiday celebrating freedom. And instead of being the honest men I have before declared them to be, they were the veriest imposters that ever practiced on mankind. This truth is not a doubtful one. I am not that man. Some of these have had wives and children, dependent on them for bread; but of this, no account was made. The United States does not have to stay the way it is. According to Douglass, these inconsistencies have made the United States the object of mockery and often contempt among the various nations of the world. 2003. For the present, it is enough to affirm the equal manhood of the Negro race. On July 4, 1852, Frederick Douglass-- a former American slave, abolitionist leader and adroit speaker-- spoke in Rochester, New York about the affectation of celebrating independence. There I see the tenderest ties ruthlessly broken, to gratify the lust, caprice and rapacity of the buyers and sellers of men. They felt themselves the victims of grievous wrongs, wholly incurable in their colonial capacity. a horrible reptile is coiled up in your nations bosom; the venomous creature is nursing at the tender breast of your youthful republic; for the love of God, tear away, and fling from you the hideous monster, and let the weight of twenty millions crush and destroy it forever!But it is answered in reply to all this, that precisely what I have now denounced is, in fact, guaranteed and sanctioned by the Constitution of the United States; that the right to hold and to hunt slaves is a part of that Constitution framed by the illustrious Fathers of this Republic.Then, I dare to affirm, notwithstanding all I have said before, your fathers stooped, basely stooped. The 4th of July is the first great fact in your nations historythe very ring-bolt in the chain of your yet undeveloped destiny. In the second part of the speech, Douglass turns to the present and his own feelings about the 4th of July . Initially mentored by William Lloyd Garrison, Douglass What is now known as the "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?" speech was delivered on July 5, 1852 as an address to the Rochester Ladies' Anti-Slavery Society in Rochester, New York. But the 1852 "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?" speech remains the best known of his addresses on the occasion, especially as it became even more widely read in the late-20th century,. Keidrick Roy, the host of the virtual reading event. How digital misinformation may keep you from a good nights sleep, Study finds surgical patients with addiction issues may be at greater risk for complications, including sudden cardiac death after anesthesia, Khalil Gibran Muhammad says College Board needs to stand firm behind curriculum, Chief counsel of respected mid-70s Senate inquiry into improper federal investigations says credibility of oversight function at stake, 2023 The President and Fellows of Harvard College, Photo courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration, By Manisha Aggarwal-Schifellite Harvard Staff Writer, Frederick Douglass delivered his famous speech What to the Slave is the Fourth of July? in 1852, drawing parallels between the Revolutionary War and the fight to abolish slavery. To arrest it, to put an end to it, this nation keeps a squadron, at immense cost, on the coast of Africa. A self-taught man, he escaped from slavery and eventually became a leader in the abolitionist movement. The speech notes the contradiction of the national ethos of United States and the way enslaved persons are treated. It is the birthday of your National Independence, and of your political freedom. It is neither. They inhabit all our Southern States. But, I submit, where all is plain there is nothing to be argued. Everywhere, in this country, it is safe to speak of this foreign slave-trade, as a most inhuman traffic, opposed alike to the laws of God and of man. welcome atheism! He wrote a glowing letter of encouragement to Harriet Tubman, which served as the preface to Sarah Bradfords 1869 biography about Tubmans life. I answer: a day that reveals to him, more than all other days in the year, the gross injustice and cruelty to which he is the constant victim. Hear his savage yells and his blood-chilling oaths, as he hurries on his affrighted captives! The time for such argument is passed.At a time like this, scorching irony, not convincing argument, is needed. See, too, that girl of thirteen, weeping, yes! Further, if this demand were not complied with, another Scotland would be added to the history of religious liberty, and the stern old Covenanters would be thrown into the shade. That point is conceded already. I am not included within the pale of this glorious anniversary! Pride and patriotism, not less than gratitude, prompt you to. The testimony of Senator Breese, Lewis Cass, and many others that might be named, who are everywhere esteemed as sound lawyers, so regard the constitution. He refers to the Constitution as a "Glorious Liberty Document". Do you mean, citizens, to mock me, by asking me to speak to-day? No abuse, no outrage whether in taste, sport or avarice, can now hide itself from the all-pervading light. Douglass argues that religion is the center of the problem but also the main solution to it. It esteems sacrifice above mercy; psalm-singing above right doing; solemn meetings above practical righteousness. What, to the American slave, is your 4th of July? In spite of his praise of the Founding Fathers, he maintains that slaves owe nothing to and have no positive feelings towards the founding of the United States. dismay. Douglass equates this to being worse than many other things that are banned, in particular, books and plays that are banned for infidelity. Your President, your Secretary of State, your lords, nobles, and ecclesiastics, enforce, as a duty you owe to your free and glorious country, and to your God, that you do this accursed thing. Yea! ts future might be shrouded in gloom, and the hope of its prophets go out in sorr. Students also viewed See this drove sold and separated forever; and never forget the deep, sad sobs that arose from that scattered multitude. Is it at the gateway? The fact that the church of our country, (with fractional exceptions), does not esteem the Fugitive Slave Law as a declaration of war against religious liberty, implies that that church regards religion simply as a form of worship, an empty ceremony, and not a vital principle, requiring active benevolence, justice, love and good will towards man. In the solitude of my spirit, I see clouds of dust raised on the highways of the South; I see the bleeding footsteps; I hear the doleful wail of fettered humanity, on the way to the slave-markets, where the victims are to be sold like horses, sheep, and swine, knocked off to the highest bidder. Cast one glance, if you please, upon that young mother, whose shoulders are bare to the scorching sun, her briny tears falling on the brow of the babe in her arms. To . I will not. Your lawmakers have commanded all good citizens to engage in this hellish sport. Follow the drove to New Orleans. Born into slavery around 1818, Douglass became a key leader of the abolitionist movement. If I do not remember thee, let my tongue cleave to the roof of my mouth.Fellow-citizens; above your national, tumultuous joy, I hear the mournful wail of millions! I do not hesitate to declare, with all my soul, that the character and conduct of this nation never looked blacker to me than on this 4th of July! Before you read the speech you can follow these links to learn more about Douglass's life and the evolution of his thought in this period. You declare, before the world, and are understood by the world to declare, that you hold these truths to be self evident, that all men are created equal; and are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; and that, among these are, life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; and yet, you hold securely, in a bondage which, according to your own Thomas Jefferson, is worse than ages of that which your fathers rose in rebellion to oppose, a seventh part of the inhabitants of your country.Fellow-citizens! In his speech, "The Hypocrisy of American Slavery . With brave men there is always a remedy for oppression. His agents were sent into every town and county in Maryland, announcing their arrival, through the papers, and on flaming hand-bills, headed CASH FOR NEGROES. Feeling themselves harshly and unjustly treated by the home government, your fathers, like men of honesty, and men of spirit, earnestly sought redress. It has made itself the bulwark of American slavery, and the shield of American slave-hunters. Mr. President, Friends and Fellow Citizens: He who could address this audience without a quailing sensation, has stronger nerves than I have. But its quite another to change the way you see yourself and to grow into a person deeply committed to long-term interracial coalition building. America is false to the past, false to the present, and solemnly binds herself to be false to the future. This act forced citizens to report people who had escaped their enslavement and escaped to a free state, under punishment of a fine or imprisonment. At some future period I will gladly avail myself of an opportunity to give this subject a full and fair discussion.Allow me to say, in conclusion, notwithstanding the dark picture I have this day presented of the state of the nation, I do not despair of this country. Douglass denounces the churches for betraying their own biblical and Christian values. You may rejoice, I must mourn. that it should be so; yet so it is. Now, there are certain rules of interpretation, for the proper understanding of all legal instruments. They strip the love of God of its beauty, and leave the throng of religion a huge, horrible, repulsive form. The iron shoe, and crippled foot of China must be seen, in contrast with nature. [13] Although the import of people directly from Africa had been banned in 1807,[14] the domestic slave trade, still legal, was thriving. ROY: Douglass wrote the speech in the wake of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, which effectively extended the reach of slave power in the South throughout the rest of the country. This, to you, is what the Passover was to the emancipated people of God. Rhetoricians R. L. Heath and D. Waymer refer to this as the "paradox of the positive" because it highlights how something positive and meant to be positive can also exclude individuals. This Fourth [of] July is yours, not mine. Then would my task be light, and my burden easy and delightful. You are all on fire at the mention of liberty for France or for Ireland; but are as cold as an iceberg at the thought of liberty for the enslaved of America. They may sometimes rise in quiet and stately majesty, and inundate the land, refreshing and fertilizing the earth with their mysterious properties. The duty to extirpate and destroy it, is admitted even by our DOCTORS OF DIVINITY. The occasion was the Society's Fourth of July celebration, but Douglass refused to give the speech on July 4; he would not celebrate the holiday so long as African Americans remained enslaved. What, to the American slave, is your 4th of July? Douglass was a former slave of the 19th century and soon became a leader during the Abolitionist Movement. Frederick Douglass, born a slave and later the most influential African American leader of the 1800s, addresses the hypocrisy of the US of maintaining slavery with its upheld ideals being freedom and independence on July 4th, 1852. In several states, this trade is a chief source of wealth. The arm of commerce has borne away the gates of the strong city. [16] Additionally, it awarded $10 to a judge who sentenced an individual to return to enslavement, while awarding only $5 if the claim was dismissed. ROY: The better we get to know the people that we live with, that we work around, that we see at the coffee shop, and the more we talk about these important racial issues with one another, the easier it will be to heal our divided communities. When the dogs in your streets, when the fowls of the air, when the cattle on your hills, when the fish of the sea, and the reptiles that crawl, shall be unable to distinguish the slave from a brute, then will I argue with you that the slave is a man!For the present, it is enough to affirm the equal manhood of the Negro race. What point in the anti-slavery creed would you have me argue? GAZETTE: Why is it important to do this kind of community-building work at a local level? Your fathers have lived, died, and have done their work, and have done much of it well. Is that a question for Republicans? Douglass' speech came just 11 years before Lincolns Emancipation Proclamation hitting a poignant point in American history through his targeting of the slave as a crucial figure in desperate need of independence. They went so far in their excitement as to pronounce the measures of government unjust, unreasonable, and oppressive, and altogether such as ought not to be quietly submitted to. The fiat of the Almighty, Let there be Light, has not yet spent its force. They strip the love of God of its beauty, and leave the throng of religion a huge, horrible, repulsive form. Is it to be settled by the rules of logic and argumentation, as a matter beset with great difficulty, involving a doubtful application of the principle of justice, hard to be understood? The inaugural meeting between six women took place in Corinthian Hall on August 20. There should be no shoulder that does not bear the burden of the government. He had a prophetic vision for the future that he was always trying to work toward. [16][17] Finally, the Act did not allow the accused individual of defending themselves in court. On the other hand it will be found to contain principles and purposes, entirely hostile to the existence of slavery.I have detained my audience entirely too long already. To honor Black History Month, as an introduction or review of rhetorical appeals and devices, or as a speech exemplar, this Frederick Douglass "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July" rhetoric activity is a fabulous addition to any lesson. Your fathers esteemed the English Government as the home government; and England as the fatherland. It fetters your progress; it is the enemy of improvement, the deadly foe of education; it fosters pride; it breeds insolence; it promotes vice; it shelters crime; it is a curse to the earth that supports it; and yet, you cling to it, as if it were the sheet anchor of all your hopes. In the language of Isaiah, the American church might be well addressed, Bring no more vain ablations; incense is an abomination unto me: the new moons and Sabbaths, the calling of assemblies, I cannot away with; it is iniquity even the solemn meeting. The slaveholders themselves acknowledge it in the enactment of laws for their government. [11] Additionally, he had spoken there less than three months prior to this speech, on March 25. "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?" remains one of the most effective and poignant condemnations of slavery in the canon of American abolitionist literature, a tribute to the moral character and oratorical skills of Frederick Douglass. Douglass says that if the residents of America believe that slaves are "men",[20]:342 they should be treated as such. As with rivers so with nations. They convert the very name of religion into an engine of tyranny, and barbarous cruelty, and serve to confirm more infidels, in this age, than all the infidel writings of Thomas Paine, Voltaire, and Bolingbroke, put together, have done! America is false to the past, false to the present, and solemnly binds herself to be false to the future, Douglass said. You boast of your love of liberty, your superior civilization, and your pure Christianity, while the whole political power of the nation (as embodied in the two great political parties), is solemnly pledged to support and perpetuate the enslavement of three millions of your countrymen. I hold that every American citizen has a fight to form an opinion of the constitution, and to propagate that opinion, and to use all honorable means to make his opinion the prevailing one. You can bare your bosom to the storm of British artillery to throw off a threepenny tax on tea; and yet wring the last hard-earned farthing from the grasp of the black laborers of your country. there is no matter in respect to which, the people of the North have allowed themselves to be so ruinously imposed upon, as that of the pro-slavery character of the Constitution. Ever ready to drink, to treat, and to gamble. In that instrument I hold there is neither warrant, license, nor sanction of the hateful thing; but, interpreted as it ought to be interpreted, the Constitution is a GLORIOUS LIBERTY DOCUMENT. Oppression makes a wise man mad. Would you argue more, and denounce less, would you persuade more, and rebuke less, your cause would be much more likely to succeed. The 4th of July is the first great fact in your nation's historythe very ring-bolt in the chain of your yet undeveloped destiny. sanction. 00 Comments Please sign inor registerto post comments. During the 1850's, the Fourth of July served as a reminder of the many horrors and injustices in the world. I take it, therefore, that it is not presumption in a private citizen to form an opinion of that instrument.Now, take the Constitution according to its plain reading, and I defy the presentation of a single pro-slavery clause in it. He expresses his belief in the speech that he and other slaves are fighting the same fight in terms of wishing to be free that White Americans, the ancestors of the white people he is addressing, fought seventy years earlier. On July 5, 1852, Frederick Douglass gave a keynote address at an Independence Day celebration and asked, "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?" Douglass was a powerful orator, often traveling six months out of the year to give lectures on abolition. To Sarah Bradfords 1869 biography about Tubmans life ; psalm-singing above right doing ; solemn meetings above righteousness. England as the fatherland holiday special, we hear the words of Douglass! It has made itself the bulwark of American slave-hunters that it should no... ) the internal slave trade they repudiated the deeds which made his great! Weeping, yes Hall on August 20 it was demanded, in contrast with nature be,! 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what to the slave is the fourth of july annotation