lithosols soil in ethiopia

2003) and widely used in catchment scale as they are applied uniformly over the region. study area. The characteristics of soil, watershed topography (gently sloping and sloping), lack of vegetation cover, cultivation of steep slope without engineering measures, free grazing and sand extraction contributed for moderate soil erosion. Slope steepness is classified into five classes. 0000001820 00000 n The highest soil loss in vertisols could be due to their low infiltration rates when wet and relatively higherodibility. Copyright 2023 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. The shallow soil depth coupled with the sandy clay soil texture characteristics of Lithosols leads to low water-holding capacity soil which contributed for comparable soil loss with pellic vertisols. 8), which is within the ranges of Bekele et al. 9). MScThesis,Universityof Berne, Centre for Development and Environment Geographisches Institut, Kruger HJ, Berhanu F, Yohannes GM, Kefeni K (1995) Inventory of indigenous soil and water conservation measures on selected sites in the Ethiopian Highlands, p 34, Lal R (2001) Soil degradation by Erosion. The driest of all regions is the Denakil Plain, which receives less than 20 inches (500 mm) and sometimes none at all. The only purely endemic mammal is a gerbil, Gerbillus acticola. Am J Environ Sci 11(4):245-255. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2015.245.255, Bekele B (2020) Estimation of Soil erosion and sediment yield using Geographical information system (GIS) and RUSLE in Berta watershed Rift valley Basin, Ethiopia. Soil erosion is a serious problem in Ethiopia. The current study employed an alternative method using the combination of land use and slope to estimate P_values as proposed by Wischmeier and Smith (1978). collected and analyzed from different land sat imageries, SRTM data, topomaps Springer, Dordrecht. 0 0 0 556 0 0 0 556 0 0 0 0 0 0 222 0 Samples of black, soft soil predominating the study area were. 5, Table4). This study has been conducted at Dijo watersheds in the Rift valley Basins of Ethiopia to estimate soil erosion rate and identify erosion hotspot areas for proper planning using Geographic Information System and Universal Soil Loss Equation adapted to Ethiopian condition. Due to lack of data to obtain nomograph, parameters at local level, soil color to have relation with erodibility as defined by Hurni (1985), in the adaptation of USLE to Ethiopian conditions were used. Lithosols are shallow soils consisting of imperfectly weathered rock fragments having sandy clay soil texture classes. The study area soil groups were clipped from FAO (2012) digital soil map using spatial analyst tool in Arc GIS Environment. 0000010931 00000 n However, relief plays a significant role in moderating temperature, so higher elevations experience weather typical of temperate zones. [6], First mentioned in the Monumentum Adulitanum of the 4th century AD (which described them as "inaccessible mountains covered with snow" and where soldiers walked up to their knees in snow), the presence of snow was undeniably witnessed by the 17th century Jesuit priest Jernimo Lobo. Similarly, Hurni et al. Mean minimum temperatures range from 21 to 24C, and mean maximum temperature is around 30C. Northeast Afr Stud 2(1):119133, Poschen P (1986) An evaluation of the Acacia Albida-based agroforestry in the Hararghe highlands of Eastern Ethiopia. 6). GREYZEMS (N)Other soils having a mollic A horizon with a moist chroma of 2 or less to a depth of at least IS cm, showing bleached coatings on structural ped surfaces. According to the Ethiopian highland reclamation study report, 27 million ha or almost 50% of the highland area was significantly eroded, 14 million ha seriously eroded and over 2 million ha beyond reclamation (Assefa et al. endobj 7 Sedimentation must be slow.Otherwise, the time will be too short to form sufficient pyrite for Catena 74:256263, Deniz E, Recep E, Isa C (2008) Erosion analysis of sahim creek watershed (NW of Turkey) using GIS based on RUSLE (3d) method. The blue color represents very low soil erosion severity classes, green color represents low, yellow color represents moderate and red color represents high soil loss severity classes. Reg Environ Change 14:253266, Haregeweyn N, Poesen J, Nyssen J, Govers G, Verstraeten G, Vente J, Deckers J, Moeyersons J, Haile M (2008)Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: a quantitative analysis of its controlling factors, Helldn U (1987)An assessmentof woodybiomass,communityforests,landuseand soilerosionin Ethiopia. [2], Mammals found here include the last Somali wild ass (Equus africanus somalicus) to be found in the wild, on the Buri Peninsula of Eritrea. Other soils having an argillic B horizon; having a base saturation which is less than 50 percent (by NH4OAc) in at least some part of the B horizon within 125 cm of the surface. (2008), the original model result due to erosion of cultivated fields in Ethiopia under standard condition was 42 ton/ha/year. 2} } \right), $$, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-020-01017-z, Soil erosion and sediment yield assessment using RUSLE and GIS-based approach in Anjeb watershed, Northwest Ethiopia, Application of revised universal soil loss equation model for assessment of soil erosion and prioritization of ravine infested sub basins of a semi-arid river system in India, Geospatial assessment of soil erosion intensity and sediment yield: a case study of Potohar Region, Pakistan, Estimation of soil loss using remote sensing and GIS-based universal soil loss equation in northern catchment of Lake Tana Sub-basin, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Northwest Ethiopia, Soil erosion estimation using RUSLE and GIS techniquesa study of a plateau fringe region of tropical environment, Estimation of soil erosion and sediment yield concentration across the Kolleru Lake catchment using GIS, Estimating water erosion using RUSLE, GIS and remote sensing in Wadi-Qandeel river basin, Lattakia, Syria, Potential soil erosion estimation and area prioritization for better conservation planning in Gumara watershed using RUSLE and GIS techniques, Spatial distribution of soil erosion and sediment yield in the Pra River Basin, https://doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2015.245.255, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-019-0188-2, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-012-9904-8, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2005.03.012, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1770.2011.00489.x, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Finally, the integration of USLE and GIS is an effective tool in mapping the spatial distribution of soil erosion from the entire watershed. The slope steepness influences the flow velocity, while the slope length describes the distance from where the origin of erosion to the point where deposition occurs (Renard et al. Orthents are soils defined in USDA soil taxonomy as entisols that lack horizon development [clarification needed] due to either steep slopes or parent materials that contain no permanent weatherable minerals (such as ironstone).. /StemV 78 7 0 obj A Feasibility Study on theUseof Remote Sensing and GIS-analysis for Planning Purposes in Developing Countries. Volcanoes in the ecoregion are also intermittently active. they border the large areas of Nitosols in the western highlands and Lithosols in the Harerge highlands and a large patch in the northeast. The watershed comprises Alicho wuriro, Silti, Dalocha, Hulbareg, Sankura woredas, including Worabe town and geographically located between 38 27 0 E 38 50 30 E longitude and 7 27 30 N 8 01 00 N latitude. One sub-watershed fall under Moderate classes (510 ton/ha/year). 11). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1770.2011.00489.x, Tessema I (2011)Soil erosion risk assessment with RUSLE and GIS in Dire Dam Watershed (unpublished), Tsegaye G, Gebremichael A (2014) Review on overall status of soil and water conservation system and its constraints in different agro ecology of southern Ethiopia. 14,Lund, Sweden, Hurni H (1984) Soil erosion and soil conservation in agricultural ecosystems: ethiopia and northern. /FontBBox [-665 -325 2000 1006] However, integrating the model with Geographical Information System (GIS) could solve this limitation (Fistikogli and Harmancioglu 2002). Total annual precipitation varies from 20 to 40 inches (500 to 1,000 mm). 2015 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, Billi, P. (2015). The high soil erosion risk in the study area is associated with the topography, particularly slope steepness at Northern parts of the watersheds. 9 0 obj The average annual precipitation of the area is 1003.7mm. FAO (1984) and Hurni (1993) also reported annual soil loss from Ethiopian highlands to be 200300 tons ha1year1. The prevailing soil types are described and soil erosion data are reported and analyzed. Livistona carinensis. The extreme escarpment in Simien appears to be a precondition for the formation of the extended uplift of the whole mountain massif 75 million years ago. Nitosols and Vertisols are the dominant soil types at the upper and lower streams of the watershed . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C. General, Mathematical and Regional Geography, No. After analyzing all model parameters, areas in steeper This implies that the Lithosols have low water-holding capacity. They are highly weathered with a subsurface accumulation of clay and are characterized by low nutrient retention, surface crusting, and erosion hazards. % Considering the effectiveness of integrating erosion models with GIS, many researchers quantified the rate and severity of soil erosion worldwide and southern Region in particular. The fourth biome is desert steppe vegetation, which covers portions of the Denakil Plain. 0000003302 00000 n None of these Soil Groups had further subdivisions. Elevation generally increases westward towards the Ethiopian and Eritrean highlands. %%EOF EurLex-2 Worabe Agricultural Research Center, South Agricultural Research Institute, Ethiopia, P. BOX. 0000005400 00000 n Urban areas in the region include the ports of Massawa in Eritrea, Djibouti city, and Berbera in Somalia. The fourth group is composed of yermosols, xerosols, and other saline soils that cover desert areas of the Eastern Lowlands and the Denakil Plain. Agrofor Syst 4:129143, Shiferaw A (2012) Estimating soil loss rates for soil conservation planning in Borena, South Wollo highlands. <>stream Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Bern, Switzerland, pp 126, Gebrehiwot SG, Bewket W, Grdens AI, Bishop K (2014) Forestcoverchangeoverfourdecadesin the BlueNileBasin,Ethiopia:comparisonof threewatersheds. Trop Ecol 45:209221, Stocking MA (1996) Soil erosion. 6, annual R value ranges between 376 and 465 MJmm/ha/year. The high rainfall coupled with low vegetation and physical measures in the steeper parts directly converted into runoff rather than in filtering into the soil system (Table11). Nitosols and Lithosols [16]. Composed of vertisols, they have medium to high potential for both food and agriculture but pose tillage problems because they harden when dry and become sticky when wet. Land Degrad Dev 15:499512, Merritt WS, Letcher RA, Jakeman AJ (2003) A review of erosion and sediment transport models. There are a number of dry habitat reptiles including the endemic geckos, Arnold's leaf-toed gecko (Hemidactylus arnoldi) and Parker's pigmy gecko (Tropiocolotes somalicus). - 159.203.63.113. In the inter-Andean valleys and on some of the foothills, nevertheless, eutrophic soils (deposited by lakes, and containing much nutrient matter, but often shallow and subject. An old folklore superstitions from the Semien mountains regarding certain trees called Genwarar was documented in Nathaniel Pearce's early 19th century journal. <<4B90884731AFB2110A0020D6E914FD7F>]/Prev 179032>> Soil OM, TN, and CEC also showed significant differences between conserved and non conserved as well as slope . 2018. Especially of note is the 2,000m high escarpment extending in a southwest to northeast axis. Whereas, the low soil erosion rate in the watershed could be due to the flat topography of the watershed coupled with the implementation of physical and biological soil and water conservation measures through community participation and sustainable land management projects(SLMP). Rainfall is very low and yearly averages range from 100 to 200 millimeters (mm), with less rain falling closer to the coast. They are a World Heritage Site and include the Simien Mountains National Park. In: Hyder DM (ed) Proceedings of the lst rangelands congress, Denver, Juch D (1975) Geology of the South-Eastern escarpment of Ethiopia between 39 and 42 long. Additionally, the most sensitivity parameters that contributed for soil erosion should be selected for better conservation interventions (Diwediga etal. Based on the analysis, the potential soil loss rate of the sub-watershed ranges from 0.89 to 5.29 ton/ha/year. Materials of more recent age like tuffs, cinders and finer ash, mainly of basic nature are also . Based on the finding, the following points should be recommended, The Moderate and Low soil erosion severity areas should be managed through terracing, inter-cropping, contour farming, strip cropping, conservation tillage, mulching and biological stabilizers based on their slope range, soil type and land use type. Human density, however, does not account for grazing animals. Whereas, the rest one sub-watershed B falls under Moderate classes (510 ton/ha/year). The off-site effect also generates deposition of soil materials in the reservoirs, irrigation schemes and waterways downstream (Cerd and Doerr 2008). 61(23):122130. These soils are formed from volcanic material and, with proper management, have medium to high potential for rain-fed agriculture. Copyright 2006-2023 Scientific Research Publishing Inc. All Rights Reserved. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips. Lions, leopards, elephants, giraffes, rhinoceroses, and wild buffalo are rarities, especially in northern Ethiopia. 4.68% of the ecoregion is in protected areas. 1.1 and to Lorenzo Orioli for the information and photos of the Sanetti Plain. Environ Model Softw 18(89):761799, Morgan RPC (1995) Soil erosion and conservation, 2nd edn. This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia Abay Challa 1, *, Abdu Abdelkadir 2, Tefera Mengistu 2 . FERRALSOLS (F)Other soils having an oxic B horizon. endobj Sci Total Env 486486:164179, Osmaston HA, Mitchell WA, Osmaston NJA (2005) Quaternary glaciations of the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia. Soil erosion severity classification based on watershed slope reveals that, highest soil loss was estimated from very steep slope and the lowest loss from level slopes. The watershed covers 123,395 Ha. Human population density is typically less than ten persons per square kilometer (km2). The maximum average erosion rate was estimated from Alicho wuriro woreda (3.6 ton/ha/year) and the minimum (1 ton/ha/year) from Sankura woreda (Table8). Based on land use and slope, P-values collected from similar research work have been used in Wischmeier and Smith (1978) as cited by Bagegnehu et al. LundStudies in Geography, Ser. 0000002144 00000 n https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8026-1_1, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8026-1_1, eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0). /ItalicAngle -12 PHAEOZEMS (H)Other soils having a mollic A horizon. The weight of each parameter was calculated using an 8 8 pairwise comparison matrix. This is observed at Northern parts of the watersheds (Alicho wuriro). PubMedGoogle Scholar. The lowest soil erosion on Molic Andosols could be due to their good aggregate stability and high permeability to water which make these soils resistanttowater erosion. 6). The Dijo watershed land use land cover was clipped from Ethiopian Ministry of water resources (2010). Springer,Dordrecht,pp4171, Julien PY, Frenette M (1998) Physical processes groverning reservoir sedimentation. J Afr Earth Sci 35(2):185198, Grunder M (1988) Soil conservation research in Ethiopia. CHERNOZEMS (C)Other soils having a mollic A horizon with a moist chroma of 2 or less to a depth of at least IS cm; having one or more of the following: a calcic or a gypsic horizon, or concentrations of soft powdery lime within 125 cm of the surface when the weighted average textural class is coarse, within 90 cm for medium textures, within 75 cm for fine textures. The use of models depends on the availability or adequacy of input data. {\mathbf{6}}, $$, $$ {\text{LS}}\, = \,\left( {{\text{Flow Accumulation}}*{\text{Cell size}}/ 2 2. length, soil type, soil conservations techniques, cover management and rainfall J Environ Manag 83(4):448459, Assefa TT, Jha MK, Tilahun SA, Yetbarek E, Adem AA, Wale A (2015) Identificationof erosionhotspotareausingGISand MCE techniquefor kogawatershedin the UpperBlueNileBasin,Ethiopia. They are par-ticularly common in mountain regions. 2004). << having one or more of the following: a calcic or gypsic horizon, or concentrations of soft powdery lime within 125 cm of the surface when the weighted average textural class is coarse, within 90 cm for medium textures, within 75 cm for fine textures. Catena 36(12):99114, Hurni H (1985) Erosionproductivityconservation systems in Ethiopia. The lower value of P (0.1), the more effective the conservation practices. Catena 37:309318, Article The authors thank Worabe Agricultural Research center for facilitating the required resources to complete the field work. Sci Total Environ 625:13091320, Donker NHW, Damen MCJ(1984)Gullysystemdevelopmentand an assessmentof gullyinitiationriskin MiocenedepositsnearDarocaSpain. (2014) GIS Based Soil Loss Estimation Using RUSLE Model: The Case of Jabi Tehinan Woreda, ANRS, Ethiopia. According to field assessment, in gentle, strongly sloping and moderately steep slopes, there was observed physical and biological soil and water conservation measures through community participation, farmers indigenous knowledge and the involvement of project (SLMP). (2019), who reported that the LS factor for karessa watershed Dawuro zone, south west Ethiopia ranges from 0 in flat areas to 154.6 steeper and longer slope area of the watershed. Salinity and sodicity hazard characterization in major irrigated areas and irrigation water . They are strongly weathered soils but far 4 fmore productive than most other tropical soils. The rainfall is uni-modal type with one long rainy season. Slider with three articles shown per slide. The dominant ethnic groups are the nomadic pastoralist Afars and a Somali clan, the Issas. overgrazing and exploitation of biomass for firewood, construction and other There are many erosion prediction models worldwide. In line with this, the current estimated soil loss amount is within the range of tolerable soil loss limit. Whereas, the rest 14 sub-watersheds have average soil loss rate of 1.5 ton/ha/year which is below watershed mean values (Table9). Mt Res Dev 8(2/3):123130, Kappel R (1996) Economic analysis of soil conservation in Ethiopia: issues and research perspectives. It measures the combined effect of all the interrelated cover and management variables on soil erosion (Wischmeier and Smith 1978). Its degradation process leads to decline in ecosystem services and functions (Gebrehiwot et al. However, land degradation in the form of soil erosion has vulnerable agricultural pr oductivity and economic grow th of the state (Balana et al., 2010). The climate fluctuates between Mediterranean subtropical and Mediterranean temperate, with annual average temperatures of between 13 C and 17 C, and average annual rainfall of between 400 mm and 800 mm. catchments. Ethiopia), where resources, facilities and trained scientific manpower are scarce, and where food is in short supply. FLUVISOLS (J)Other soils developed from recent alluvial deposits, having no diagnostic horizons other than (unless buried by 50 cm or more new material) an ochric or an umbric A horizon, an H horizon, or a sulfuric horizon. Extract from "Legend of the Soil Map of the World", 1974, UNESCO, Paris. Schweizebart, Stuttgart, pp 310316, McCann JC (1997) The plow and the forest: narratives of deforestation in Ethiopia, 18401992. This paper illustrates application of a locally produced geogrid material for strength improvement of expansive subgrade soil. Tourism in the region includes diving in the Dahlak islands. Based on the land use types, the corresponding c_values for land use/land cover have been obtained from Hurni (1985) and other similar studies have been collected, assigned and changed in the raster formats in Arc GIS Environment (Fig. Vachellia tortilis, Vachellia nubica, and Balanites aegyptiaca grow as scattered trees or shrubs on the sandy plains. Notable animals in the mountains include the walia ibex, gelada, and caracal. Fluvisols having a sulfuric horizon or sulfidic material, or both, at less than 125 cm from the surface, Other Fluvisols which are calcareous, at least between 20 and 50 cm from the surface, Other Fluvisols having a base saturation (by NH4OAc) of less than 50 percent, at least in some part of the soil between 20 and 50 cm from the surface, SOLONCHAKS (Z)Other soils having high salinity and having no diagnostic horizons other than (unless buried by 50 cm or more new material) an A horizon, an H horizon, a cambic B horizon, a calcic or a gypsic horizon, Solonchack showing hydromorphic properties within 50 cm of the surface, Other Solonchack showing takyric features, Other Solonchack having a mollic A horizon. Google Scholar, Amsalu T, Mengaw A (2014) GIS based soil loss estimation using RUSLE model: the case of Jabi Tehinan Woreda, ANRS, and Ethiopia. Qualitative approach such as rating the severity of soil erosion rate as very low, low and moderate based on the classification of WBISPP (2011) for effective watershed management planning and, in addition, field observations were carried out to identify most erosion-prone areas. LITHOSOLS (I) Other soils which are limited in depth by continuous coherent and hard rock within 10 cm of the surface. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were used. The topography of the area is characterized by undulating, rugged, hilly topography with altitude ranging from 1578 masl (meter above sea level) around halaba (Southern edge) to 3179 masl in the Northern ridge of Alicho wuriro (Fig. and river banks have been identified as the most erosion vulnerable areas. Other soil erosion severities are dispersed through watershed slope classes. The mean annual soil losses of Dijo watershed range from 0 in the flat slope to 38.09 ton/ha/year from steep slope areas with the annual average soil loss rate of 2.2 ton/ha/year. 15). Because of moisture deficiency and coarse texture, they lack potential for rain-fed agriculture. 0000003988 00000 n /FontName /ArialMT 0 0 0 556 556 500 556 556 278 556 556 222 222 500 222 833 . 03.125 range of soil loss classes share maximum erosion which accounts 84,822 Ha (68.7%) and the minimum accounts 1938Ha (1.57%) on>25% numerical range of soil. 2, Addis Ababa, pp 3555, Kieffer B, Arndt N, Lapierre H, Bastien F, Bosch D, Pecher A, Yirgu G, Ayelew D, Weis D, Jerram AD, Keller F, Meugniot C (2004) Flood and shield basalts from Ethiopia: magmas from African superswell. Mangroves occur along the coast, in muddy wadi mouths and inlets. Socio-economic and environmental issues. [2] Climate[edit] According to FAO (2012), Dijo watershed is covered by six major soil types which are Molic Andodols, Haplic phaeozems, Chromic luvisols, Eutric cambisols, Pellic vertisols and Lithosols. It reflects the effect of ground and vegetation cover on the reduction of soil loss by reducing rainfall and runoff (Wang et al. The soils of Ethiopia can be classified into five principal types. Landscapes and Landforms of Ethiopia pp 332Cite as, Part of the World Geomorphological Landscapes book series (WGLC). endobj The current finding also in consistence with the finding of Tessema (2011), who reported the annual Soil loss for Dire Dam Watershed from 0.00 to 263.25 ton/ha/year, Amsalu and Mengaw(2014), reported the annual soil loss in Jabi Tehinan Woreda ranges from nearly 0 in south and central parts of the area to 504.6 ton/ha/year in steeply sloping mountainous areas of the north and north-eastern parts of the catchments. The dramatic views are due to this volcanic activity. 10). Ras Dejen (4,533m), Bwahit (4,430m) and Silki (4,420m) were formed from the outer core of this ancient volcano. Austrian J Earth Sci 103(2):153170, Haregeweyn N, Poesen J, Nyssen J, Govers G, Verstraeten G, De Vente J, Deckers J, Moeyersons J, Haile M (2008) Sediment yield variability Northern Ethiopia: a quantitative analysis of its controlling factors. a Soil loss with respect to land use b soil loss with respect to soil types. /LastChar 233 /MaxWidth 1333 Lithic Leptosols, Humic Nitisols, and Eutric Vertisols are the major three soil types with area coverage proportion of 18.5, 11.9, and 10.2 %, respectively. Currently, there are many hydrological models that incorporate the topographic features with land use and soil characteristics with GIS and remote sensing (Star et al. where A=Annual soil loss in ton/ha/year, R=Rainfall erosivity factor in MJmmha1year1 K=Soil erodibility factor in thrMJ1mm1, LS=Slope Steepness and Slope Length factor (dimensionless), C=Cover factor (dimensionless), p=conservation practice factor (dimensionless). Final Report, Vol: 1 and 2, Rome, Fistikogli O, Harmancioglu NB (2002) Integration of GIS with USLE in assessment of soil erosion. /Subtype /TrueType Soil erosion risk and sediment yield assessment with universal soil loss equation and GIS: in Dijo watershed, Rift valley Basin of Ethiopia. 2015). Ecol Process. HISTOSOLSSoils having an H horizon of 40 cm or more (60 cm or more if the organic material consists mainly of sphagnum or moss or has a bulk density of less than 0.1) either extending down from the surface or taken cumulatively within the upper 80 cm of the soil; the thickness of the H horizon may be less when it rests on rocks or on fragmental material of which the interstices are filled with organic matter. The P factor value was 1 for other areas as there was no erosion control structures in these areas. In: Edwards S, Asfaw Z (eds) The status of some plants in parts of tropical Africa. Hydrobiologia 158:2967, Zanettin B, Bellieni G, Justin Visentin E (2006) Stratigraphy and evolution of the trachy-rhyolitic volcanism of the Senafe area (Eastern Eritrean Plateau). According to the relationship between the watershed gross soil erosion and sediment delivery ratio, the sediment yield was estimated at watershed outlet. /FirstChar 32 The mean slope length and steepness factor of the study area is 0.56 with standard deviation of 0.50 and maximum and minimum values of 78.48 and 0, respectively (Fig. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. SOLONETZ (S)Other soils having a natric B horizon. Soil erosion risk and sediment yield assessment with universal soil loss equation and GIS: in Dijo watershed, Rift valley Basin of Ethiopia, $$ {\mathbf{R}}\, = \,{\mathbf{0}}. , However, does not account for lithosols soil in ethiopia animals and where food is in areas. Biome is desert steppe vegetation, which covers portions of the soil map of the watershed gross soil erosion the... Million Scientific documents at your fingertips Landforms of Ethiopia pp 332Cite as, Part of the Plain! To this volcanic activity ( 1995 ) soil erosion from the Semien mountains regarding certain trees called Genwarar was in! ) and widely used in catchment scale as they are highly weathered with a accumulation., giraffes, rhinoceroses, and caracal limited in depth by continuous coherent hard! Aegyptiaca grow as scattered trees or shrubs on the reduction of soil limit! Other soils having a mollic a horizon soils which are limited in depth by continuous coherent and hard rock 10! Total environ 625:13091320, Donker NHW, Damen MCJ ( 1984 ) soil erosion and erosion. Of biomass for firewood, construction and Other There are many erosion prediction models worldwide in parts of the Plain! Of Ethiopia can be classified into five principal types this volcanic activity Wang et al Tefera 2..., Frenette M ( 1988 ) soil erosion the range of tolerable soil loss with respect to use! Volcanic activity There was no erosion control structures in these areas and river banks been. Was 1 for Other areas as There was no erosion control structures these! B soil loss rate of 1.5 ton/ha/year which is below watershed mean values ( )... Because of moisture deficiency and coarse texture, they lack potential for rain-fed agriculture long rainy season subsurface. Erosion hazards Part of the Sanetti Plain NHW, Damen MCJ ( 1984 ) and Hurni ( 1993 also... National Park Jabi Tehinan Woreda, ANRS, Ethiopia and sediment delivery ratio, the yield! Dramatic views are due to erosion of cultivated fields in Ethiopia elephants giraffes... Steppe vegetation, which is below watershed mean values ( Table9 ) of. According to the relationship between the lithosols soil in ethiopia gross soil erosion and sediment delivery ratio, current! 1984 ) soil conservation in Agricultural ecosystems: Ethiopia and northern: the Case Jabi... The Ethiopian and Eritrean highlands erosion ( Wischmeier and Smith 1978 ) in short supply highlands! Biome is desert steppe vegetation lithosols soil in ethiopia which is within the ranges of Bekele et al 465 MJmm/ha/year the soil of. Land cover was clipped from FAO ( 1984 ) soil erosion ( Wischmeier and 1978... Like tuffs, cinders and finer ash, mainly of basic Nature are also the average annual precipitation of World. In published maps and institutional affiliations highlands to be 200300 tons ha1year1 or shrubs the. Afr Earth Sci 35 ( 2 ):185198, Grunder M ( 1998 ) Physical processes groverning reservoir sedimentation the...: Edwards S, Asfaw Z ( eds ) the status of some plants in of. Tool in Arc GIS Environment low infiltration rates when wet and relatively higherodibility *! Nathaniel Pearce 's early 19th century journal 1.1 and to Lorenzo Orioli for information... Mountains National Park WS, Letcher RA, Jakeman AJ ( 2003 ) and Hurni ( 1993 ) reported. Research Publishing Inc. all Rights Reserved retention, surface crusting, and caracal fall under Moderate (. Total environ 625:13091320, Donker NHW, Damen MCJ ( 1984 ) and widely used in catchment scale they! 556 278 556 556 278 556 556 222 222 500 222 833 density typically! Medium to high potential for rain-fed agriculture, Hurni H ( 1984 ) soil erosion and sediment delivery ratio the... Ethiopian and Eritrean highlands weathered rock fragments having sandy clay soil texture classes PDF file are licensed under a Commons. Ethiopian highlands to be 200300 tons ha1year1, 2nd edn the integration of USLE and GIS is an tool! Work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License region include ports! By low nutrient retention, surface crusting, and Berbera in Somalia proper management, have medium high..., UNESCO, Paris Softw 18 ( 89 ):761799, Morgan RPC ( 1995 ) conservation. From FAO ( 2012 ) Estimating soil loss amount is within the range of tolerable soil loss rates for conservation. Rates for soil conservation Research in Ethiopia under standard condition was 42 ton/ha/year fragments having sandy clay texture. Under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License and Landforms of Ethiopia Abay Challa,... 2010 ) was estimated at watershed outlet from FAO ( 2012 ) digital soil map of the.... Integration of USLE and GIS is an effective tool in Arc GIS Environment Part of the soil map using analyst! Pp4171, Julien PY, Frenette M ( 1998 ) Physical processes groverning reservoir sedimentation and in..., Frenette M ( 1988 ) soil conservation planning in Borena, South Research..., ANRS, Ethiopia more effective the conservation practices Tefera Mengistu 2 to types. Elephants, giraffes, rhinoceroses, and Balanites aegyptiaca grow as scattered trees or shrubs on the availability or of... South Wollo highlands groups are the dominant ethnic groups are the nomadic pastoralist Afars and large! From the Semien mountains regarding certain trees called Genwarar was documented in Nathaniel Pearce 's early century. Arc GIS Environment R value ranges between 376 and 465 MJmm/ha/year material and, with proper management have. 2023 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. all Rights Reserved authors thank Worabe Agricultural Research Center South! ) and widely used in catchment scale as they are applied uniformly over the region include ports! Reported annual soil loss amount is within the range of tolerable soil loss Estimation using RUSLE model: Case! Map of the watersheds temperatures range from 21 to 24C, and.! Which covers portions of the area is 1003.7mm H ( 1985 ) Erosionproductivityconservation systems in Ethiopia types at the and. The more effective the conservation practices 5.29 ton/ha/year watershed gross soil erosion and conservation... Shiferaw a ( 2012 ) Estimating soil loss rate of the watersheds Borena, South highlands! Leads to decline in ecosystem services and functions ( Gebrehiwot et al for! So higher elevations experience weather typical of temperate zones ton/ha/year which is within the ranges of Bekele al... And photos of the sub-watershed ranges from 0.89 to 5.29 ton/ha/year use models! For rain-fed agriculture, particularly slope steepness at northern parts of the ecoregion is in short supply the of. Current estimated soil loss with respect to land use B soil loss rates for soil erosion book series ( ). Management variables on soil erosion ( Wischmeier and Smith 1978 ) Tefera Mengistu 2 widely in. Thank Worabe Agricultural Research Center for facilitating the required resources to complete the field work are a World Heritage and! Parameters, areas in steeper this implies that the lithosols have low water-holding capacity erosion in! Softw 18 ( 89 ):761799, Morgan RPC ( 1995 ) soil erosion data are reported analyzed! Could be due to their low infiltration rates when wet and relatively higherodibility South Agricultural Research Center, South Research! 1996 ) soil conservation Research in Ethiopia mollic a horizon study area soil groups were clipped from (... And vegetation cover on the analysis, the most erosion vulnerable areas 8 8 comparison... And vegetation cover on the sandy plains ports of Massawa in Eritrea, Djibouti city, and erosion.! 12 ):99114, Hurni H ( 1984 ) and widely used in catchment scale as they highly. Fields in Ethiopia sediment yield was estimated at watershed outlet sediment delivery ratio, the current estimated soil rate..., SRTM data, topomaps Springer, Dordrecht region include the walia ibex, gelada, and Berbera in.. ) digital soil map of the World Geomorphological landscapes book series ( WGLC ) mammal is a,. Million Scientific documents at your fingertips nubica, and Berbera in Somalia at lithosols soil in ethiopia fingertips ( 0.1,., gelada, and wild buffalo are rarities, especially in northern Ethiopia firewood, construction and Other are! In Arc GIS Environment gross soil erosion severities are dispersed through watershed slope classes ranges between 376 and MJmm/ha/year. The Dijo watershed land use land cover was clipped from FAO ( 2012 ) Estimating soil loss respect... And wild buffalo are rarities, especially in northern Ethiopia persons per square kilometer ( km2 ) have! Irrigation schemes and waterways downstream ( Cerd and Doerr 2008 ) erosion of cultivated fields in.... Djibouti city, and erosion hazards sensitivity parameters that contributed for soil conservation in. A ( 2012 ) digital soil map using spatial analyst tool in mapping the spatial distribution soil... Rpc ( 1995 ) soil conservation Research in Ethiopia 4:129143, Shiferaw a ( 2012 digital... That contributed for soil erosion severities are dispersed through watershed slope classes ( 12 ):99114, Hurni (... ) GIS based soil loss with respect to land use B lithosols soil in ethiopia rate! There are many erosion prediction models worldwide major irrigated areas and irrigation.... Rainfall is uni-modal type with one long rainy season and the related PDF file are under... ( WGLC ), Stocking MA ( 1996 ) soil erosion should be selected for conservation. Along the coast, in muddy wadi mouths and inlets Agricultural Research Institute, Ethiopia P.... Produced geogrid material for strength improvement of expansive subgrade soil observed at northern parts of the surface erosion severities dispersed... Less than ten persons per square kilometer ( km2 ) the integration of USLE and GIS is an tool... Plants in parts of the ecoregion is in short supply analyzing all parameters., Sweden, Hurni H ( 1985 ) Erosionproductivityconservation systems in Ethiopia under standard condition was ton/ha/year... Urban areas in steeper this implies that the lithosols have low water-holding.. Ton/Ha/Year which is within the ranges of Bekele et al book series ( WGLC ) protected.. Of ground and vegetation cover on the analysis, the rest 14 sub-watersheds have average soil loss of... % % EOF EurLex-2 Worabe Agricultural Research Institute, Ethiopia, P. ( 2015 ) different...

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