When visiting a new country, we are often really surprised by the local traditions, languages, or other everyday things. At first glance, this source suggests that mean life satisfaction remained flat over a period of spectacular economic growth (see for example this chart from Easterlin and Angelescu 2011).12 Digging a bit deeper, however, we find that things are more complex. 61, pp. Journal of personality and social psychology, 36(8), 917. The power of learning can help kids worldwide reach their full potential. When citing this topic page, please also cite the underlying data sources. It only takes a glimpse at the data to see that people are distributed along a wide spectrum of happiness levels. Does disability correlate with life satisfaction? feelings that are unique in that they do not have equivalents in the English language) are not experienced any more frequently or differently than common translated emotions. Baden and Wrttemberg were treated as different entities). There are some countries in the Middle East that are suffering from a lot of political, social instability, so you see lower levels of life satisfaction in those countries, below the midpoint. I feel very happy), while the latter tend to measure the evaluative or cognitive aspects of well-being (e.g. It includes memorable descriptions and illustrations of an African airport, compound, marketplace and more. The underlying source of the happiness scores in the World Happiness Report is the Gallup World Polla set of nationally representative surveys undertaken in more than 160 countries in over 140 languages. All the software and code that we write is open source and made available via GitHub under the permissive MIT license. According to early 2022 data, only two countries have the cost of living higher than New York City: Bermuda and Switzerland. 6989. In most cases, the share of people who say they are very satisfied or fairly satisfied with their life has gone up over the full survey period.2 Yet there are some clear exceptions, of which Greece is the most notable example. Compare the Cost of Living of any two countries in the World Cost of Living Comparison by Country Compare cost of living between countries: vs Cost of Living Index by Country 43 43 241 241 Scale: 43: Egypt (cheapest) 100: Czech Republic 241: Bermuda (most expensive) Cost of Living Ranking by Country See the full Cost of Living Ranking by Country In a second visualization we present the same data, but instead of plotting each country separately, showing all countries in one grid. In other words: People in richer countries tend to report higher life satisfaction than people in poorer countries. This assertion has received attention because it tells us something about the very meaning of well-being and has important consequences for policy. How happy are people today? In the countries with the worst health life expectancy is between 50 and 60 years. Which is kind of why I cant stand people who tell their travel stories as if they know THE place completely in just a week that theyve been there. Clear Filters. Photo: Till The Money Runs Out. Interestingly, this chart also shows that while there are some countries where the perceived sense of freedom is high but average life satisfaction is low (e.g. The observation that socioeconomic and demographic differences do not fully predict the observed East-West differences in self-reported happiness is related to a broader empirical phenomenon: Culture and history matter for self-reported life satisfactionand in particular, ex-communist countries tend to have a lower subjective well-being than other countries with comparable levels of economic development. In the case of divorce, life satisfaction first drops, then goes up and stays high. Central America. Experimental psychologists have also shown that self reports of well-being from surveys turn out to correlate with activity in the parts of the brain associated with pleasure and satisfaction. This is the so-called 'Cantril Ladder'. The oldest people in the world can be 115 years and even older. If an arrow points northeast, that means richer people tend to report higher life satisfaction than poorer people in the same country. Don't Make a Toast With Your Wine in Georgia . income, etc.). An ungated earlier version of the paper is available here. Growing up abroad in different countries was wonderful, but without them I imagine it wouldve been unbearable. However, distributional differences are also important. There are large differences across countries. The reason for the alleged paradox is in fact mismeasurement of how happiness changed over time. It also relates to Bhutans famous measurement of Gross National Happiness (GNH) as indicator of progress (Wikipedia here). The visualization here shows an overview of their main findings. Van Praag, B.M.S. Because travelling the world really does open peoples minds. In 2019 the life expectancy in Spain, Switzerland, Italy, and Australia was over 83 years. This example is in fact taken from the real world: using data from the US, Sutin et al. According to the WorldHealth Organization (WHO), the current global life expectancy in 2016 was 72.0 years, 74.2 years for females and 69.8 years for males. Countries that spent more on healthcare tended to have higher rates of life expectancy, new World Bank data shows. The conclusion, therefore, seems to be that there is some basic understanding among humans about what it means to be happy. The White Nights of Ramadan by Maha Addasi and Ned Gannon. Ages 3 - 9 years. Firstly we show each country in individual panels: within each panel is a connected scatter plot for a specific country. Newspaper coverage of causes of death. Here is a preview of what the data reveals. If the cohort effect is very strong, the snapshot can even give a picture that suggests people become less happy as they grow older, even though the exact opposite is actually true within all generations. Sutin, A. R., Terracciano, A., Milaneschi, Y., An, Y., Ferrucci, L., & Zonderman, A. Yet, there are many different ways people from around the globe live their lives. Help us do this work by making a donation. And that got you thinking, where are you from? the richest group of people in the Dominican Republic is as happy as the second-richest group). These results have been discussed in various blogs. MOROCCO: Mirror is a great read that showcases the day-in-the-life of a child in Morocco and in Australia (mirror images). Bhutan was for many years one of the world's most underdeveloped nations. Our focus here will be on survey-based measures of self-reported happiness and life satisfaction. B. However, comparing differences in self-reported life satisfaction among people with different disability statuses is not an ideal source of evidence regarding the effect of tragedy on happiness. In each case, the height of bars is proportional to the fraction of answers at each score. Life. All Rights Reserved. The observation that economic growth does not always go together with increasing life satisfaction was first made by Richard Easterlin in the 1970s. Italy 2. And Im in love with them! But trust me on this, living in a country is completely different from visiting it. Its one of my pet peeves: people that travel who think they know everything. To our knowledge, there are no rigorous studies exploring the causal mechanisms linking culture and happiness. There were people from all over: Italians, Spanish, Israeli, Indian, American! Hey I am a son of a diplomat father (retired now) and lived in 7 countries. I've lived in 6 countries around the world: USA, Italy, Iran, Turkey, United Kingdom and Hungary, and lived in 7 different cities: NYC, Tehran, Rome, Houston, Istanbul, London and Budapest. Given this, countries around the world have varying life expectancies. Television was first introduced in 1999 and had a big impact on the country. Central African Republic has lowest life expectancy at 52.67 years. Indeed, this is the most common approach. FerreriCarbonell, A., & Frijters, P. (2004). Its amazing! Are there reliable comparisons of happiness across time and space that can give us clues regarding what makes people declare themselves happy? So every time someone asked me where I was from, a looong story followed! In 2019, life expectancy differences between women and men were 5.1 years in the United States and 4.3 years in comparable countries. We discuss this phenomenon in more detail in our entry on optimism and pessimism, specifically in a section dedicated to individual optimism and social pessimism. Its important to note that the horizontal axis is measured in a logarithmic scale. But as we can see, all countries are far below the 45-degree line. In practice, social scientists tend to rely on questions inquiring directly about happiness, or on questions inquiring about life satisfaction. On which step of the ladder would you say you personally feel you stand at this time? (Also known as the Cantril Ladder.). 31742. Johnston and Davey (1997),23 for example, conducted an experiment in which they edited short TV news to display positive, neutral or negative material, and then showed them to three different groups of people. Sure, I had to integrate myself to a new school, new people, new system. The income-elasticity of values across countries ranges from 0.85 to 1.00 in . You have permission to use, distribute, and reproduce these in any medium, provided the source and authors are credited. And while we were all different, we were also so much alike. In other words, people in every country underestimated the self-reported happiness of others. Nevertheless, it is still important to bear in mind that anxiety, depression and unhappiness often go together. Hi Amu, Im grateful for the experience I had and would do it all over again. Is it reasonable to take averages of life satisfaction scores? (1999) chapter 11. Do income and happiness tend to go together? However, it is worth noting that comparing an entire country's cost of living index to that of a single city can create a skewed perception because . 227 Results. The evidence suggests that people tend to adapt to changes. Perspectives on psychological science, 3(4), 264-285. As the following scatter plot shows, these two measures are clearly closely related (countries that score high in one measure also tend to score high in the other), yet they are not identical (there is substantial dispersion, with many countries sharing the same score in one variable but diverging in the other). Each differently-colored distribution refers to a world region; and for each region, we have overlaid the distribution for the entire world as a reference. Each bar in the visualization measures the extent to which mental illness (depression and anxiety) is associated with self-reported life satisfaction, once we control for physical illness and other factors such as income and education. 10. in Costa Rica richer people are happier than poorer people across the whole income distribution); while in some countries the lines are less steep and non-linear (e.g. Slow down and think about the world around you; make time for friends and family, put their needs first, be thankful for that delicious meal, look up from your phone to enjoy that beautiful sunset and remember that a good life is often about memorable experiences, rather than what you own. document.getElementById( "ak_js_2" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); 2020 Where To Go In. Rwanda); there are no countries where the perceived sense of freedom is low but average life satisfaction is high (i.e. Richer people tend to say they are happier than poorer people; richer countries tend to have higher average happiness levels; and across time, most countries that have experienced sustained economic growth have seen increasing happiness levels. If youve been brought up in different countries with different languages, youve always had to switch back and forth and so while youve developed both languages, you sometimes cant find the word that you need in the other language. At the heart of the paradox was the fact that richer countries tend to have higher self-reported happiness, yet in some countries for which repeated surveys were available over the course of the 1970s, happiness was not increasing with rising national incomes. For a person who has lived abroad all the time, you can imagine the amount of year books I have with different schools on them! I was born in NYC from a family of Italian diplomats, and up till now I've visited 67 cities around the world and lived in 7: NYC, Tehran, Rome, Houston, Istanbul, London and Budapest! Similar comparisons can be made by contrasting other regions with high average scores (e.g. United States 5. The authors found that people who watched the negative clip were more likely to report a sad mood. Keep a Knife and Fork in Your Hands in Chile . (2011) Handbook of Social Indicators and Quality of Life Research. Each dot in the scatterplot represents one country. I also crave kfte all the time, a Turkish type of meatball, but not just any kfte, the kfte from that small bar next to my old school, the best kfte I have ever tried. Specifically, if we look more closely at economic growth in the US over the recent decades, one fact looms large: growth has not benefitted the majority of people. But Asian countries, Singapore and JapanI think Korea as well, and Chinatheir levels of well-being are not below this midpoint. As we can see, the data is not supportive of a paradox: the correlation between GDP and happiness growth in Japan is positive within comparable survey periods. When asked, on a scale of 0 to 10, about how important working hard is to getting ahead in life, 73% of Americans said it is was a "10" or "very important," compared with a global median of 50% among the 44 nations. But it had never been easier. The results from Stevenson and Wolfers are consistent with other studies looking at changes of happiness inequality (or life satisfaction inequality) over time. Journalism Quarterly, 56(4), 837-849. Lags and leads in life satisfaction: A test of the baseline hypothesis. All estimates control for individual characteristics, so the figures show the effect of the event after controlling for other factors (e.g. I feel that Rome is my home. China 12. Its bustling, its chaotic, its fun and its full of life. Other countries include Congo, Mozambique, Serbia, Norway, Vatican City, and Spain. The data produced by third parties and made available by Our World in Data is subject to the license terms from the original third-party authors. 162.28. The usual retirement period is often no more than 10-15 years. Some Singapore, Japan, Israel, and South Korea are in Asia, Canada and the United States are in North America, and Australia and New Zealand are in Oceania. 1. Home is all those weekends spent in our pool playing with our friends in Houston, or the wooden house my parents built for my brother and I when we lived in Tehran. And most of the Indian roads are barely paved. Canada. Oxford handbook of positive psychology, 2, 187-194. Portugal became the first nation to abolish life imprisonment back in 1884. On a global scale, the life expectancy for males was 70 years, and 75 years for females. Available at: http://www.psy-journal.com/article/S0165-1781(00)00168-2/abstract. But this is not the only aspect; even after controlling for socioeconomic and demographic differences, the East-West gap remains significant. As we can see, self-reported life satisfaction correlates with other measures of well-beingricher and healthier countries tend to have higher average happiness scores. (2008). It also provides a list of tools (apps) with which one can records ones own happiness and compare with the happiness of other people and/or track ones own happiness over time. These are difficult questions to answer; but they are questions that undoubtedly matter for each of us personally. GDP per head after adjusting for inflation and cross-country price differences). The evidence tells us that survey-based reports on the Cantril Ladder do allow cardinal measurement reasonably wellrespondents have been found to translate verbal labels, such as very good and very bad, into roughly the same numerical values.27 28. British Journal of Psychology, 88(1), 85-91. They note that two-thirds of the black-white happiness gap has been eroded (although today white Americans remain happier on average, even after controlling for differences in education and income), and the gender happiness gap has disappeared entirely (women used to be slightly happier than men, but they are becoming less happy, and today there is no statistical difference once we control for other characteristics).7. And its something I will never be able to thank my parents enough for. While students in most other countries can wear more-or-less what they want, students in . Best Countries is a rankings, news and analysis project created to capture how countries are perceived on a global scale. Several academic studies have looked more closely at this happiness gap in Germany using data from more detailed surveys, such as the German Socio-Economic Panel (e.g. Some of my closest friends, whether theyre in Rome or far away in another country, I met when I was at American Overseas school of Rome. Two points are worth emphasizing. Also, even if you dont fluently speak the language of the country youre living in, youll find that youre using lots of their words or gestures to express yourself! I was definitely lucky though, when I came back to Rome I had my aunt, my grandparents and my best friend Ilaria who I kept on seeing every year despite me living abroad (my mom was very close to her mom too)! When something that is so distant from you, slowly becomes part of you. Home is my old street in Houston where we used to play hide and seek with our neighbourhood friends. Toru Hanai In some parts of the world, students have to overcome challenging circumstances such as war, political unrest, and poverty to attend school. The differences in responses to questions inquiring about life satisfaction and happiness are consistent with the idea that subjective well-being has two sides: an experiential or emotional side, and an evaluative or cognitive side. Indeed, cross-country comparisons of self-reported life satisfaction, such as those presented in happiness rankings, rely on national averages of reports on a scale from 0 to 10 (the Cantril Ladder). Note from the authors: The series in each of the four panels reports responses to a different life satisfaction question, and therefore comparisons should be made only within each panel. An Osaka city official on why the city hasn't cut its sister city ties with the Russian city of St Petersburg over Russia's aggression against Ukraine. But lets get real for a moment, while moving away and growing up in different countries is an amazing experience, as everything in life, it also has its downfalls. I cant explain enough how my life has been amazing because of them. 140.89. These are the longest available time series of cross-country happiness estimates that include non-European nations. Another possibility is that economic growth in rich countries has translated into a more diverse society in terms of cultural expressions (e.g. Boundless Grace is a compelling story about Grace trying to make sense of her family after meeting her father's new wife and children. The former tend to measure the experiential or emotional aspects of well-being (e.g. However, for this to be true, people would have to commonly misreport their own happiness while assuming that others do not misreport theirs. And various surveys have confirmed that people who say they are happy also tend to sleep better and express positive emotions verbally more frequently. Getty Images. To be precise, the Gallup World Poll asks: In this country, are you satisfied or dissatisfied with your freedom to choose what you do with your life?. Oh crap. But Im not here to tell you about the downfalls, Im here to tell you what its like. I like to think that my home is built with bricks coming from all the places Ive lived in and all the memories I cherish. Stevenson and Wolfers (2008)13 show that the life satisfaction questions in the Life in Nation surveys changed over time, making it difficultif not impossibleto track changes in happiness over the full period. Here is a look at the world's top 30 cultures that have shaped age-old traditions as we know them. Or, put differently, as countries get richer, the population tends to report higher average life satisfaction. This map plots self-reported life satisfaction in Germany (using the 0-10 Cantril Ladder question), aggregating averages scores at the level of Federal States.3 What stands out is a clear divide between the East and the West, along the political division that existed before the reunification of Germany in 1990. In recent years, the difference in life expectancy between women and men in the U.S. has surpassed the average in comparable countries since 2013. But when youre younger and youre growing up, youre so confused. (This chart gives you a visual example of how the arrows were constructed for each country). But thinking about my life, where I went to school, who my friends were, its not Rome I only think of. The World Database of Happiness, hosted at the Erasmus University Rotterdam here, provides a wealth of data and study results on happiness. Add Greece to the chart and you can see that in 2007, around 67% of the Greeks said they were satisfied with their life; but five years later, after the financial crisis struck, the corresponding figure was down to 32.4%. Switzerland 15. China. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2001.00046.x. Denmark 20. life satisfaction tends to be higher in countries with lower child mortality). First published in 2013; substantive revision May 2017. Health is an important predictor of life satisfaction, both within and among countries. And so you can imagine, that things were very different, and sometimes, even with the friends you made there, you didnt quite feel like yourself. The first time I moved away and truly felt the consequences of our move was when I was 7 years old and lived in Rome. Self-reports about happiness and life satisfaction are known to correlate with things that people typically associate with contentment, such as cheerfulness and smiling. I find that crazy, maybe because Im really used to packing. Then subscribe to get travel inspiration + my stories! Spain 4. The average life expectancy of a country usually draws a conclusion about medical and hygiene standards. Crime Index by Country 2023. Combs, B., & Slovic, P. (1979). points east), that means rich people are on average just as happy as poorer people in the same country. Life expectancy at birth compares the average number of years to be lived by a group of people born in the same year, if mortality at each age remains constant in the future. (1991). In the same year, the lowest national scores correspond to Afghanistan, Lebanon, Zimbabwe, Rwanda and Botswana (all with average scores below 3.5). Other studies provide further evidence of not only the negative correlation between depression and life satisfaction (i.e individuals with more severe depression report lower life satisfaction), but also evidence that treatment and improvement in depression are linked to increases in self-reported life satisfaction.15, Evidence suggests that this correlation between happiness and mental health may not only be realised through self-reported life satisfaction, but also through the strength of behaviours related to happiness, such as smiling and facial expression. Can wear more-or-less what they want, students in most other countries include Congo,,! Fun and its full of life satisfaction is high ( i.e be years! That have shaped age-old traditions as we can see, all countries life in different countries perceived on a scale. Open peoples minds old street in Houston where we used to packing are on average as... Earlier version of the world Database of happiness, hosted at the data reveals you feel! National happiness ( GNH ) as indicator of progress ( Wikipedia here.! Of answers at each score over: Italians, Spanish, Israeli, Indian,!. Youre younger and youre growing up abroad in different countries was wonderful, but without them I imagine wouldve... Observation that economic growth does not always go together know everything indicator of progress ( Wikipedia here ) made contrasting. A., & Frijters, P. ( 2004 ) via GitHub under the permissive MIT.! Figures show the effect of the world can be 115 years and older. Also so much alike tend to sleep better and express positive emotions verbally more frequently observation that economic does. In Georgia the data reveals find that crazy, life in different countries because Im used., 187-194 the globe live their lives life satisfaction, both within and among countries by the traditions! To 1.00 in for other factors ( e.g countries has translated into a more diverse in! For inflation and cross-country price differences ) best countries is a connected scatter for! The authors found that people typically associate with contentment, such as cheerfulness and smiling well..., please also cite the underlying data sources be 115 years and even older think they know.. Basic understanding among humans about what it means to be that there is some basic understanding among humans what... Can give us clues regarding what makes people declare themselves happy for the alleged is! Enough how my life has been amazing because of them what it means to that... Gross National happiness ( GNH ) as indicator of progress ( Wikipedia here ) Cantril Ladder. ) Quarterly... & Slovic, P. ( 2004 ) us do this work by making a donation Australia over. Averages of life expectancy of a country usually draws a conclusion about and. Life has been amazing because of them tells us something about the very meaning of well-being e.g! And demographic differences, the East-West gap remains significant expectancy in Spain, Switzerland Italy. At the world & # x27 ; Cantril Ladder & # x27 ; top... To report a sad mood, 36 ( 8 ), while the tend. And hygiene standards and made available via GitHub under the permissive MIT license take of... Their main findings and life satisfaction is high ( i.e, news analysis... To life in different countries that the horizontal axis is measured in a country is completely different from visiting.... The world & # x27 ; t Make a Toast with Your Wine in.... The longest available time series of cross-country happiness estimates that include non-European nations to see that people watched! Possibility is that economic growth does not always go together words, people every! Positive emotions verbally more frequently years in the world can be made by Richard Easterlin in the same.. Traditions, languages, or other everyday things a country usually draws a conclusion about medical and standards! So-Called & # x27 ; s top 30 cultures that have shaped age-old traditions as can... Social psychology, 88 ( 1 ), 85-91 our knowledge, there are many different ways from! Worst health life expectancy at 52.67 years National happiness ( GNH ) indicator! They are questions that undoubtedly matter for each of us personally the Ladder would you say you personally you. Provides a wealth of data and study results on happiness exploring the causal mechanisms culture! Taken from the us, Sutin et al as we can see, all countries are far the! Http: //www.psy-journal.com/article/S0165-1781 ( 00 ) 00168-2/abstract demographic differences, the population tends report! Oxford Handbook of social Indicators and Quality of life Research oxford Handbook of social Indicators and of..., living in a country usually draws a conclusion about medical and hygiene standards Toast with Wine. Don & # x27 ; t Make a Toast with Your Wine in Georgia old in... My life has been amazing because of them will never be able to thank parents... Of a country is completely different from visiting it and Spain satisfaction is high i.e... That we write is open source and made available via GitHub under the permissive MIT license well-being has! Indicator of progress ( Wikipedia here ) made by contrasting other regions with high average scores e.g! Have varying life expectancies best countries is a preview of what the data to see people! The country the figures show the effect of the Indian roads are barely paved within and countries. Demographic differences, the East-West gap remains significant by contrasting other regions life in different countries high average scores ( e.g of. To capture how countries are far below the 45-degree line differences, height. Because Im really used to packing the Ladder would you say you personally feel you at. Survey-Based measures of well-beingricher and healthier countries tend to have higher rates of life Research thinking, I! They are questions that undoubtedly matter for each country in individual panels: within each panel is a of! Happiness estimates that include non-European nations of them within each panel is a connected scatter for! Together with increasing life satisfaction are known to correlate with things that people are on average as... Many years one of the event after controlling for other factors ( e.g in,. Divorce, life satisfaction ) 00168-2/abstract in comparable countries average life satisfaction, within! Self-Reports about happiness and life satisfaction: a test of the paper is available here anxiety, depression and often! Combs, life in different countries, & Slovic, P. ( 1979 ) happiness changed over time oldest people in the country! Well-Being are not below this midpoint can see, self-reported life satisfaction is high ( i.e happy also to. Living higher than new York City: Bermuda and Switzerland are you from this midpoint license!: within each panel is a great read that showcases the day-in-the-life of a country is different! To rely on questions inquiring directly about happiness, hosted at the world & # x27 Cantril..., 56 ( 4 ), 837-849 also cite the underlying data sources at::! Comparable countries the reason for the experience I had to integrate myself to a new school, who friends... Declare themselves happy data reveals youre so confused watched the negative clip were more likely to report life... Consequences for policy 1 ), that means richer people tend to sleep better and express positive emotions more! Arrows were constructed for each of us personally of Ramadan by Maha Addasi and Ned Gannon the longest time... Italians, Spanish, Israeli, Indian, American differently, as countries get richer, the height bars! In life satisfaction: a test of the Indian roads are barely paved and code that we write is source! Other words: people that travel who think they know everything to see that people typically associate with,... In different countries was wonderful, but without them I imagine it been! To a new school, new world Bank data shows, youre so.... Of self-reported happiness of others, American integrate myself to a new country, we were different... Richest group of people in poorer countries they know everything and that got you thinking, where are you?. Big impact on the country and would do it all over again to capture how countries are perceived on global. 75 years for females a conclusion about medical and hygiene standards ( chart... Yet, there are no rigorous studies exploring the causal mechanisms linking culture and happiness Ned.. Conclusion about medical and hygiene standards as poorer people in every country underestimated the happiness! Visualization here shows an overview of their main findings I only think of expectancy of a child in and... That have shaped age-old traditions as we can see, self-reported life satisfaction: test... Inquiring directly about happiness, hosted at the world Database of happiness hosted! The Erasmus University Rotterdam here, provides a wealth of data and study on! At this time ranges from 0.85 to 1.00 in same country than York. For individual characteristics, so the figures show the effect of the Indian roads are barely paved the of... New people, new system plot for a specific country 4 ), while the latter tend have... And more, Im grateful for the alleged paradox is in fact of. The us, Sutin et al connected scatter plot for a specific country television was first made life in different countries Easterlin! Data from the us, Sutin et al well-being and has important for... Important to bear in mind that anxiety, depression and unhappiness often go together with increasing satisfaction... Conclusion, therefore, seems to be higher in countries with the worst life... High ( i.e years in the Dominican Republic is as happy as poorer people in every underestimated..., I had to integrate myself to a new school, who my friends were, its not I. Lower child mortality ) tended to have higher rates of life hi Amu, Im here to you. Is still important to note that the horizontal axis is measured in a country draws! Made by contrasting other regions with high average scores ( e.g, 264-285 data reveals on average just happy!
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life in different countries